Effect of Pursed Lips Breathing Exercise on Respiration Rate in Children with Bronchopneumonia at Sumber Sanas Hospital
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia, also referred to as lobular pneumonia, is an inflammatory condition of the lung parenchyma that may extend to the bronchioles and alveoli. Its etiology includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and foreign bodies. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be applied is pursed lips breathing (PLB), which is beneficial for improving ventilation, releasing trapped air, slowing the respiratory rate, and promoting relaxation in children. This study aimed to examine the effect of PLB exercise on the respiratory rate of children with bronchopneumonia at Sumber Waras Hospital in 2025. A quantitative method was employed with a quasi- experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The study sample consisted of 10 children with bronchopneumonia, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were analyzed with a dependent t-test to compare respiratory rate values before and after the intervention. The findings revealed a reduction in the average respiratory rate following PLB exercise. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference in respiratory rate between pre- and post-intervention (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Pursed lips breathing exercise is effective in lowering respiratory rate among children with bronchopneumonia. This intervention can be recommended as a supportive non-pharmacological therapy in pediatric nursing care for respiratory problems.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Adriana. D. (2013). Growth and Development & Play Therapy in Children.Jakarta: Selemba Medika
Anggreini and Dhea (2022). The Effect of the Application of Pursed Lips Breathing (PLB) on Changes in Oxygen Saturation in Children with Respiratory System Disorders Due to Bronchopneumonia in the Melati Room 5 of Dr. Soekardjo Hospital, Tasikmalaya City http://repo.poltekkestasikmalaya.ac.id/10 52/
Araujo, et al. (2015). Pursed-Lips Breathing Reduces Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced By Activities of Daily Living Test in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Cross-Over Study
Astuti, R., Pratiwi, S., & Nugroho, H. (2020). The effectiveness of pursed lips breathing exercises on decreasing the breathing frequency of patients with acute respiratory distress. Journal of Respira Nursing, 8(2), 55–63
Azizah Mukromah, Dhona Andhini, E. Y. F. Y. (2018). Effect of the Pursed Lip Breathing Method on Expiratory Peak Flow in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 1(2), 1–9
Bradley, J., C.L., B., SS, S., B, A., ER, C., C, H., &
All., K. S. (2017). The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Month of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Societ.Clinical Infection Disease, 53 (7):
-630.
Fitriani, D., Lestari, Y., & Putri, A. (2020). Risk factors for pneumonia in children under five. Andalas Health Journal, 9(1), 45–52.
Garrod, R., & Mathieson, T. (2017). Pursed lips breathing: Are we closer to understanding who might benefit?. Chronic Respiratory Disorders, 10(1), 3-4
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2020). Textbook of medical physiology (14th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Handayani, T., & Putra, R. (2019). Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of pneumonia in children under five years of age. National Journal of Public Health, 14(3), 120–128.
Haryanto, D., Widodo, A., & Lestari, S. (2022). The effect of pursed lips breathing exercise on oxygen saturation and respiratory distress. Indonesian Journal of Nursing, 15(1), 1–10.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Indonesia's Health Profile in 2019. Ministry of Health of the Republic Indonesia.
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11257_ 5
Khasanah, S. and Maryoto, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Forward Leaning Position ( CKD ) and Pursed Lips Breathing ( PLB ) on Increasing Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD
).
Kowalak, J., Welsh, W., & Mayer, B. (2016). Professional Guide to Pathophysiology. Jakarta: EGC.
Muliasari , Y., & Indrawati, I. (2018). The Effectiveness of Pursed Lip Breathing Therapy on the Oxygenation Status of Children with Pneumonia. Nursing Nurse http://ners.fkep.unand.ac.id/index.php/ne RS/article/view/182/151
Mulyani, H., & Siregar, A. (2021). The effectiveness of respiratory therapy is simple in children with pneumonia. Indonesian Journal of Child Nursing, 9(2), 34–42.
Mulyani, S., Raharjo, B., & Dewi, L. (2019). The relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of bronchopneumonia in preschoolers. Journal of Nusantara Child Health, 4(2), 88–95.
Nelson, W. E. (2020). Nelson textbook of pediatrics
(21st ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Nugroho, T. (2015). Maternal, Pediatric, Surgical and Internal Medicine Nursing Care. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika
Nurarif, & Kusuma. (2015). Application of Nursing Care Based on Medic Diagnosis and NANDA NIC NOC. Yogyakarta: Mediaction.
Potter, P. A., & Perry, A. G. (2019). Fundamentals of nursing (9th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
Putri, A., Hidayat, R., & Sari, M. (2019). The effect of pursed lips breathing exercise on the reduction of breathing frequency in bronchopneumonia patients. Journal of Medical Nursing, 6(1), 12–20.
PPNI. (2016). Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards. PPNI Central Executive Board
PPNI. (2018a). Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards: Nursing Definitions and Actions, Edition 1. PPNI Central Management Board.
PPNI. (2018b). Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards. PPNI Central Executive Board
Rahmawati, F., & Putra, H. (2022). Environmental factors that affect the incidence of pneumonia in preschool-age children. Indonesian Journal of Epidemiology, 5(3), 200–207.
Riyadi, & Sukarmin. (2015). Nursing Care in Children. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Rizki, N., & Sari, D. (2020). Preschool age as a risk factor for pneumonia in children. Journal of Primary Health, 14(2), 67–74.
Rohani, N., Dewi, A., & Yuliana, M. (2018). Gender distribution in children with pneumonia in regional general hospitals. Journal of Health Sciences, 10(1), 33–39.
Roberts, S. E., Schreuder, F. M., Watson, T., & Stern, M. (2016). Do COPD patients taught pursed lips breathing (PLB) for dyspnoea management continue to use the technique long-term? A mixed methodological study. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom), 103(4), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.05. 006
Santoso, R., & Wulandari, S. (2020). The effectiveness of respiratory relaxation techniques on the breathing patterns of lung disease patients. Journal of Comprehensive Nursing, 6(2), 102–
Sari, A., Lestari, W., & Pranoto, Y. (2020). Differences in the incidence of pneumonia in boys and girls. Journal of Healthy Nursing, 12(1), 45–51.
SDKI. (2017). Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards. South Jakarta: SDKI DPP PPNI Working Group Team.
SKI. (2018). Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards. South Jakarta: PPNI DPP Working Group Team.
SLKI. (2019). Indonesian Nursing Output Standards. South Jakarta: PPNI DPP Working Group Team.
Samuel, A. (2016). Bronchopneumonia in Pediatric Patient. J Agromed Unila , Volume 1 Number 2 Page 185-189.
Smeltzer, S., & Bare, B. (2013). Brunner & Suddarth Surgical Medical Nursing Handbook, 8th edition. Jakarta: EGC.
Smeltzer, S. C., & Bare, B. G. (2019). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (14th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Suriadi, & Yuliani, R. (2015). Nursing Care in Children. Jakarta: Sagung Seto.
Wahyu, A., Fadilah, N., & Prasetyo, E. (2021). Characteristics of children with lower respiratory tract infections in type B hospitals. Journal of Respira Nursing, 9(1), 25–
Wulandari, R., Nugraha, A., & Hidayati, F. (2021). Preschool age and incidence of bronchopneumonia in children. Journal of Respiratory Health, 7(2), 77–84.
Waseem, M. (2020). Pediatric Pneumonia. Retrieved from Madscape: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/ 967822-overview
Yuliana, R., & Setiawan, B. (2022). Characteristics of bronchopneumonia in children by gender in hospitals. Journal of Child Health Sciences, 3(1), 15–22.
WHO (2018) Pneumonia. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/pneumonia.
WHO. (2020). Who New Pneumonia Kit 2020 Information Note. 1, 1–2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/pneumonia
Wijayaningsih, K. S. (2017). Child Nursing Care. CV. Trans Medical Info